ABSTRACT
Los arbovirus constituyen una de las principales causas de emergencia en salud por la morbilidad y mortalidad que producen y el estrés sanitario que conllevan. Cuba no ha estado excenta de riesgo, y el enfrentamiento del dengue inicialmente y de otros arbovirus después, ha sido, y es, una prioridad de las máximas autoridades del país. La vigilancia de laboratorio de dengue se estableció desde inicios de la década del 70 aunque sus objetivos y estrategias han cambiado según la situación epidemiológica nacional y regional y la tecnología de diagnóstico disponible. Se destacan cuatro etapas en su desarrollo. En este trabajo se resumen las estrategias desarrolladas para la vigilancia de laboratorio de dengue y de otros arbovirus en el periodo de 1970 a 2017. Se describe además el papel desempeñado por el Instituto de Medicina Tropical, ¨Pedro Kouri¨ (IPK) como Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia(AU)
Arboviruses are one of the leading causes of health emergencies due to their morbidity and mortality and the sanitary stress they bring about. Cuba has not been free from risk, and the response first to dengue fever and then to other arboviruses has been and still is a priority for the country's top authorities. Laboratory surveillance of dengue fever was implemented in the 1970s, though its aims and strategies have evolved in keeping with the national and regional epidemiological situation, and the available diagnostic technology. Four stages stand out in the development of dengue laboratory surveillance. The present paper summarizes the strategies developed for laboratory surveillance of dengue fever and other arboviruses in the period 1970-2017. A description is also provided of the role played by Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK) as a national reference laboratory(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Arbovirus Infections/prevention & control , Surveillance in Disasters , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/immunology , Public Health Laboratory ServicesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia puntual de síndromes febriles (SF) y compararla con la del sistema habitual de vigilancia clínico y seroepidemiológica del dengue en Ciudad de La Habana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en octubre del 2007, en una muestra representativa, en el que se calcularon las tasas de prevalencia de síndromes febriles y síndromes febriles inespecíficos, utilizando la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las diferencias entre ellas. Resultados: Las diferencias encontradas entre las tasas de prevalencia puntual y las reportadas por el sistema habitual de vigilancia clínico-seroepidemiológica del dengue, tanto para los síndromes febriles como para los síndromes febriles inespecíficos, resultaron ser 352,6 y 144,2 veces mayor, respectivamente, diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001). Conclusiones: La prevalencia puntual de SF encontrada, resultó ser muy superior a la reportada por el sistema habitual de vigilancia clínico-seroepidemiológica del dengue, lo que evidencia subregistro en la notificación.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Febrile Syndromes and compare it with that of the clinical habitual and seroepidemiological Dengue surveillance system in Havana City. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2007, on a representative sample, to calculate the prevalence rates of febrile syndromes and nonspecific febrile syndromes, using the Chi-square test in order to compare the differences among them. Results: The differences found among the point prevalence rates and the reported by the seroepidemiological clinical habitual surveillance system of Dengue, both for Febrile Syndromes and for Nonspecific Febrile Syndromes, turned out to be 352.6 and 144.2 times greater, statistically significant differences (p<0,001). Conclusions: The point prevalence of FS, found turned out to be much higher than the reported by the seroepidemiological clinical habitual surveillance system of Dengue, which shows underreporting in the report.
ABSTRACT
Over the past 10 years, the American Region has witnessed the reintroduction and dissemination of dengue virus serotype 3. In this paper we describe the main clinical and epidemiologic features of the dengue 3 epidemic that broke out in Cuba between June 2001 and March 2002, as well as the measures that were undertaken to eliminate it. A total of 14 524 confirmed cases were reported, 12 889 (88,7 percent) of them in the City of Havana. Eighty-one cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were confirmed, three of which died. Secondary infection, white skin color, sickle cell anemia, and bronchial asthma were risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Active clinical and epidemiologic surveillance and laboratory support were critical to the early detection of transmission and to the monitoring of the epidemic. Widespread involvement of the community and its different sectors, participation of the mass media with a single leadership in command, and strong political will were the key factors that made it possible to eliminate transmission. This epidemic was one more example of the risk of dengue epidemics faced by countries in the area, including those that have strong surveillance and control programs. It also served to show that by applying the principles established by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization for dengue control, transmission can be stopped.